Understanding
Computer
Operating Systems

Table of Contents
Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 2
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 3
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? ........................................................................... 5
HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS .......................................................................... 9
WHAT AN OPERATING SYSTEM DOES.................................................................... 13
Process Management .................................................................................................... 13
Memory Management................................................................................................... 19
Disk and File Systems................................................................................................... 23
Networking ................................................................................................................... 24
Security ......................................................................................................................... 25
Internal Security............................................................................................................ 27
External Security........................................................................................................... 28
Graphical User Interfaces ............................................................................................. 29
Device Drivers .............................................................................................................. 29
Application Interface .................................................................................................... 31
MICROSOFT WINDOWS............................................................................................... 34
MAC OS ........................................................................................................................... 45
UNIX................................................................................................................................ 51
LINUX............................................................................................................................. 54
GNU................................................................................................................................. 57
OTHER OPERATING SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 59
INSTALLING AN OPERATING SYSTEM.................................................................... 62
DEFINING THE PROCESSES........................................................................................ 66
Cache............................................................................................................................ 66
Virtual Memory ............................................................................................................ 74
System Resources ......................................................................................................... 76
RAM ............................................................................................................................. 77
Computer Memory........................................................................................................ 84
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 91
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