Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino, the Vatican City and of the Swiss Canton Ticino.
Even if in most of the touristic resorts along Italy English and German are widely spoken, most of the Italian people can't speak a foreign language (we are lazy, I know) so you'd better know some basic phrases in Italian, just to make yourself understood.

In Italian, you use the polite form ("lei") with all the people you don't know; it doesn't matter whether they are older or younger than you. You'll use the confidential form ("tu") with the people you know. The two forms differs in the use of the 2nd and 3rd persons in verbs.

Italian has a range of dialects from Lombard and Piemontese (which are influenced by French) to Calabrese and Sicilian. Some of these are mutually unintelligible, but you should be able to speak standard Italian with them. Standard Italian is Florentine Tuscan dialect spoken with a Roman accent. Sardinian is a different language entirely; it is no closer to Italian than to Spanish.


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