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Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle

1;Foreword;6§2;Scope of the Book;8§3;Contents;11§4;Chapter 1;16§4.1;Quantitative Mass Flows of Selected Xenobiotics in Urban Waters and Waste Water Treatment Plants;16§4.1.1;1.1 Introduction;17§4.1.2;1.2 Results;17§4.1.2.1;1.2.1 Personal Care Compounds;17§4.1.2.1.1;1.2.1.1 Fragrances;17§4.1.2.1.2;1.2.1.2 Household-Bactericides;23§4.1.2.2;1.2.2 Organobromine and Organophosphate Flame Retardants;23§4.1.2.2.1;1.2.2.1 Organobromine Flame Retardants;24§4.1.2.2.2;1.2.2.2 Organophosphate Flame Retardants;25§4.1.2.3;1.2.3 Plasticizers;26§4.1.2.3.1;1.2.3.1 Organophosphates;26§4.1.2.3.2;1.2.3.2 Phthalates;26§4.1.2.4;1.2.4 Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates;27§4.1.2.5;1.2.5 Benzotriazoles;28§4.1.2.6;1.2.6 Mycotoxins;29§4.1.2.7;1.2.7 Isoflavones;31§4.1.3;1.3 Conclusions;32§4.2;References;32§5;Chapter 2;40§5.1;Identifying and Classifying the Sources and Uses of Xenobiotics in Urban Environments;40§5.1.1;2.1 Introduction;40§5.1.2;2.2 Definitions of Key Terms;42§5.1.2.1;2.2.1 Sources and Uses;42§5.1.2.2;2.2.2 Emissions and Releases;44§5.1.3;2.3 Uses of Xenobiotics;45§5.1.3.1;2.3.1 Classifying the Uses of Xenobiotics;45§5.1.3.2;2.3.2 Archetypes of Xenobiotic Substance Use;47§5.1.4;2.4 Sources of Xenobiotics;48§5.1.4.1;2.4.1 Classifying the Sources of Xenobiotics;48§5.1.4.2;2.4.2 Archetypes of Xenobiotic Sources;54§5.1.5;2.5 Source Tracking and Identification;57§5.1.5.1;2.5.1 The Literature;57§5.1.5.2;2.5.2 Database Mining;57§5.1.5.3;2.5.3 Chemical Screening and Monitoring;58§5.1.5.4;2.5.4 Questionnaires/Marketing Surveys;58§5.1.5.5;2.5.5 Official Statistical Records;58§5.1.5.6;2.5.6 Green Procurement Information Programmes;59§5.1.5.7;2.5.7 Forensic Source Tracking;59§5.1.6;2.6 Conclusions;60§5.2;References;60§6;Chapter 3;64§6.1;Illicit Drugs in the Urban Water Cycle;64§6.1.1;3.1 Illicit Drugs in Water Resources;64§6.1.1.1;3.1.1 Wastewaters;65§6.1.1.2;3.1.2 Surface Waters;69§6.1.1.3;3.1.3 Drinking Water;76§6.1.2;3.2 Consumption Estimation;77§6.1.2.1;3.2.1 Cocaine;77§6.1.2.2;3.2.2 Heroin;81§6.1.2.3;3.2.3 Other Illicit Drugs;81§6.1.3;3.3 Concluding Remarks;82§6.2;References;83§7;Chapter 4;85§7.1;Precious Metals in Urban Aquatic Systems: Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium: Sources, Occurrence, Bioavailability and Effects;85§7.1.1;4.1 Introduction;85§7.1.2;4.2 Sources;86§7.1.3;4.3 PGE in Urban Aquatic Habitats;87§7.1.4;4.4 Uptake and Bioaccumulation of PGE by Aquatic Organims;90§7.1.5;4.5 Toxicological Effects of PGE on Aquatic Organisms;93§7.1.6;4.6 Conclusions;94§7.2;References;95§8;Chapter 5;99§8.1;Fate and Effects of Little Investigated Scents in the Aquatic Environment;99§8.1.1;5.1 Introduction;99§8.1.2;5.2 Sources and Use;101§8.1.2.1;5.2.1 Natural Sources and Roles;101§8.1.2.2;5.2.2 Anthropogenic Use;103§8.1.2.3;5.2.3 Introduction into the Environment;104§8.1.3;5.3 Fate in the Environment;107§8.1.4;5.4 Anthropogenic Infochemicals, Application of Infochemicals and the Infochemical Effect;107§8.1.5;5.5 Regulation;108§8.1.5.1;5.5.1 Europe;108§8.1.5.2;5.5.2 United States of America;109§8.1.5.3;5.5.3 Manufacturers Self-Control;109§8.1.6;5.6 Conclusion;110§8.2;References;110§9;Chapter 6;113§9.1;Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins Worldwide1;113§9.1.1;6.1 Introduction;114§9.1.2;6.2 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in North America, the Arctic and Antarctica;114§9.1.2.1;6.2.1 General;114§9.1.2.2;6.2.2 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in the Great Lakes;117§9.1.2.3;6.2.3 Prevalence of Cyanotoxins in Florida;119§9.1.3;6.3 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Europe and the Middle East;122§9.1.4;6.4 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Asia and Australia;125§9.1.5;6.5 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in South America;127§9.1.6;6.6 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Africa;128§9.1.7;6.7 Conclusions;133§9.2;References;133§10;Chapter 7;140§10.1;Occurrence and Measurements of Organic Xenobiotic Compounds in Harbour and Coastal Sedi
EAN/ISBN : 9789048135097
Publisher(s): Springer Netherlands
Discussed keywords: Wasserverschmutzung, Wasserversorgung
Format: ePub/PDF

Author(s): Fatta-Kassinos, Despo - Bester, Kai - Kümmerer, Klaus
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