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IRISIN LOW.wav
Irisin is a protein produced by muscles during exercise, primarily recognized for its potential to promote browning of white adipose tissue, essentially converting it into calorie-burning brown fat, which could contribute to improved metabolic health by increasing energy expenditure and potentially aiding in weight management; it may also have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, cognitive function, and inflammation reduction, although further research is needed to fully understand its role in humans.
Key points about irisin:
Exercise-induced:
Irisin is primarily produced in response to physical activity, particularly endurance exercise, making it often referred to as an exercise hormone.
Brown fat activation:
The main function of irisin is believed to be the transformation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, which burns more calories to generate heat.
Potential metabolic benefits:
This browning effect could contribute to improved insulin sensitivity, better blood sugar control, and potentially help manage obesity.
Cognitive function:
Some studies suggest irisin may play a role in cognitive health by protecting against neuroinflammation and potentially improving cognitive function
Subject: Health benefits of Irisin:
Health benefits of Irisin:
1. Balances Blood Sugar And Fights Diabetes
Irisin improves blood sugar regulation. It increases glucose tolerance and reduces
insulin resistance.
Irisin signals via AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway to mediate glucose uptake and
fatty acid oxidation. It also lowers hemoglobin A1c.
Irisin may also play an important role in the regulation of maternalfetal glucose
homeostasis. Low levels of irisin is associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism
in infants.
In animal models with Type 1 Diabetes, irisin helped repair cells.
2. Improves Weight Loss
Irisin improves weight loss by inducing PGC1a.
PGC1a is induced in muscle by exercise and stimulates many of the best known
beneficial effects of exercise in muscle: mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis and
fiber-type switching.
PGC1a induces FNDC5. FNDC5 is the precursor of irisin.
FNDC5 promotes the conversion of white fat to brown fat (thermogenesis via PPARa).
FNDC5 influneces UCP1, which also contributes to the browning of white fat.
Brown fat has more mitochondria than white fat, so it is able to burn faster and give
you more energy.
Irisin can also decrease food intake.
When rats were injected with irisin into the hypotalamus, they ate less.
3. Supports The Skeletal System
In mice, irisin released from skeletal muscle during exercise acts directly on bone
by increasing cortical bone mineral density, bone perimeter and polar moment of
inertia.
It may promote bone formation so that bones can better adapt to the increased load
during persistent exercise.
It can do it without browning response of adipose tissue when given at a lower dose.
It may help with osteoperosis.
It also provides resistance to muscular dystrophy and denervation-linked muscular
atrophy.
Irisin has also been shown to be positively correlated with bone mineral density in
adolescent women.
4. Is Anti-Aging
Irisin legnthens telomeres. Telomere shortening is a genetic marker of aging.
Irisin also decreases with age. Increasing irisin may therefore decrease aging.
5. Has Anti-Cancer Effects
Irisin expression may help hepatic cancer. It has also shown to protect normal cells
and create apoptosis (cell death by 22-fold) in cancer cells.
Irisin levels are lower in hepatic and breast cancers, suggesting a possible
protective role.
6. Protects The Heart, Brain and Vascular System
A mouse study showed that irisin might have a preventive role in atherosclerosis.
Administration of irisin protected against endothelial injury and ameliorated
atherosclerosis by inhibition of oxidative stress.
Also, irisin decreased the plaque area and the infiltrating macrophages and T
lymphocytes in the plaques, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory
cytokines in the aortas.
Higher irisin levels may contribute lower total cholesterol in both men and women.
It also decreases the oxidative stress from LDL cholesterol.
In rats with hypertension, irisin was able to lower blood pressure by increasing
nitric oxide (via AMPK-Akt-eNOS- NO Pathway).
HDAC4 overexpression can induce cell death, increase lactate leakage, and
mitochondrial dysfunction. Irisin is able to significantly attenuate all of these
effects and help with reoxygenation, making it beneficial for stroke, heart attack,
and other hypoxic events.
Thus, irisin may be the reason why we dont suffocate in anaerobic exercise.
7. Is An Anti-Inflammatory And Anti-Oxidant
Irisin can attenuate inflammation of macrophages (shifting them towards a M2 state).
It can also reduce levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, MIP-1a, and MIP-1ß.
Irisin can prevent oxidative stress in the liver (through the inhibition of protein
arginine methyltransferase-3).
Since irisin works on UCP1, it can decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS).
8. Is An Anti-Depressant
In an animal study, irisin was able to ameliorate depressive-like behaviors by
regulating energy metabolism.
9. Increases Brain Function And Motivation
Irisin increases cognitive function.
In animals, FNDC5 inhibition reduces neurogenesis, while overexpression stimulates
neural differentiation.
It can also increase brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). By working on BDNF,
irisin may also work on the dopaminergic system, enhancing the motivation/reward
system.
Irisin also works on GABA and the GABAergic system.
Dysfunction of the GABAergic system may contribute to cognitive impairment in humans.
Specifically, individuals with Alzheimers Disease have decreased cerebral GABA in
the brain and CSF50. Furthermore, GABA levels in human CSF decrease with aging,
which has been associated with cognitive impairment.
The expression of irisin in the GABAergic brain cells might, to some extent, explain
its effects on the central nervous system-mediated functions.
Irisin upregulates PGC-1a. PGC1a deficient mice show a significant brain deficiency.
PGC-1a is usually under-expressed in Parkinsons Disease and Lewy body disease patient
PGC-1a by dietary treatment might benefit cognitive function and synaptic plasticity
in Alzheimers disease by preventing Aß production in the brain.
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